Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk has announced plans to introduce large-scale military training for all adult men in the country, citing growing security threats from Russia and the need to bolster Poland’s defense capabilities. The government aims to finalize a model for this initiative by the end of the year.
In a speech to the Polish parliament, Tusk outlined his administration’s objective to significantly expand Poland’s military reserves. “We will try to have a model ready by the end of this year so that every adult male in Poland is trained in the event of war,” he said, emphasizing the need to prepare the country for potential conflicts.
Tusk compared Poland’s military strength to that of Ukraine and Russia, highlighting the urgent need for expansion. While Ukraine currently fields an army of 800,000 soldiers and Russia’s forces number approximately 1.3 million, Poland’s military strength, including reserves, stands at about 200,000. The prime minister’s goal is to increase this number to 500,000.
Expanding Poland’s Military Capabilities
Tusk’s proposal includes not only a boost in active-duty personnel but also intensive training for reservists and civilians. “If we organize things wisely, we will have to use several courses of action,” he said, explaining that even those who do not enlist in the military should receive adequate training to become competent soldiers if necessary.
Although the initiative primarily targets men, the prime minister did not rule out the inclusion of women, stating, “War is still to a greater extent the domain of men,” but leaving open the possibility for female participation.
The move is part of Poland’s broader efforts to enhance its military preparedness following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The country has already ramped up defense spending to 4.7% of its gross domestic product (GDP), the highest proportion among NATO members, and Tusk now suggests raising it further to 5%.
Exploring Nuclear and Defensive Strategies
In addition to conventional military expansion, Poland is considering new strategic alliances and weapons policies. Tusk revealed that his government is “carefully examining” France’s proposal to extend its nuclear umbrella over Europe, though he expressed concerns about the details of authority over such weapons.
The prime minister also acknowledged Poland’s lack of nuclear weapons and its vulnerability in the face of potential aggression. “Today, it is clear that we would be safer if we had our own nuclear arsenal, that is beyond doubt,” he said, though he admitted that acquiring nuclear weapons would be a long and complex process requiring broad political consensus.
Further, Tusk has signaled support for withdrawing Poland from the Ottawa Convention, which bans the use of antipersonnel landmines, and possibly from the Dublin Convention, which prohibits cluster munitions. These policy shifts indicate a willingness to adopt more aggressive defense strategies.
Strengthening Alliances and Public Concerns
Poland has signed major arms contracts in recent years, investing nearly $20 billion in military equipment from the United States, including M1A2 Abrams battle tanks, F-35 jets, Apache helicopters, Javelin missiles, and artillery rocket systems. The country has also inked deals with South Korea to acquire K2 tanks and FA-50 light combat aircraft.
The increasing focus on defense comes amid growing concerns about regional security, particularly after former U.S. President Donald Trump suspended military aid to Ukraine. Many Poles view support for Ukraine as critical to their own national security.
Meanwhile, fears about potential conflict have driven some citizens to take matters into their own hands. Mirosław Kaznowski, the deputy mayor of Milanówek, a town near Warsaw, told the BBC that a friend of his has launched a start-up to produce affordable underground bomb shelters for homes and businesses. He noted that demand for such shelters has been high.
As Poland moves forward with its military expansion, the government will need to navigate both logistical challenges and public opinion. While some see Tusk’s proposal as a necessary step to deter aggression, others may question the feasibility and long-term impact of mandatory military training. The coming months will be crucial in shaping the final version of this policy and determining its role in Poland’s national security strategy.
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